⚡ Basic Electrical System Facts

1. Standard Voltage in the U.S.:
   Residential homes typically use 120 volts for standard outlets and 240 volts for large appliances (dryers, ovens, etc.).

2. Circuit Breaker Panels:
   Most homes have a breaker box (panel) that controls the electrical circuits. If a circuit draws too much current, the breaker trips to prevent fire hazards.

3. Common Circuit Ratings:

   • Lighting & outlets: 15-20 amps

   • Large appliances: 30-50 amps

   • HVAC systems: 50-60 amps

4. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs):
   Required in areas with moisture (bathrooms, kitchens, outdoors). They shut off power if a ground fault is detected.

5. Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs):
   Required in bedrooms and living areas. They detect dangerous arcing and help prevent fires.

🔌 Outlets & Wiring

1. Three-Prong Outlets:
   Safer than two-prong; the third prong (ground) protects against electrical shock.

2. Wiring Colors (U.S. standards):

   • Black/red = hot (live)

   • White = neutral

   • Green/bare copper = ground

3. Older Homes May Have Knob-and-Tube or Aluminum Wiring:
   These systems are outdated and may not meet modern code or insurance standards.

🛠️ Safety & Maintenance

1. Never Overload Circuits:
   Plugging too many devices into one circuit can cause overheating and fires.

2. Check for Warning Signs:

• Flickering lights

• Burning smells

• Warm outlets

• Frequently tripping breakers

1. Use Licensed Electricians for Major Work:
   DIY mistakes can be dangerous and void home insurance policies.

2. Smoke Alarms and CO Detectors:
   Should be hard-wired with battery backup and tested monthly.

🌱 Energy Efficiency Tips

1. LED Lighting:
   Uses up to 80% less energy than incandescent bulbs.

2. Smart Thermostats & Power Strips:
   Help reduce phantom load (devices that draw power even when off).

3. Upgrade to Energy Star Appliances:
   These use less electricity and save on utility bills.